Values of Legal Formalism-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: What do the differences between the judgments of Latham CJ and Starke J indicate about the values of the rule of law and the values of legal formalism? Answer: Adelaide Co of Jehovah's Witnesses Inc v Commonwealth [1943]was a landmark case which had to address the issue regarding extent and nature of protection which is provided through section 116 of the constitution of the commonwealth[1]. According to the section the government was not allowed to make a law for the purpose of establishing a religion, imposing a religious observance, prohibiting free exercise of religion, and providing religious tests as a qualification for any public trust or office. Providing plain meaning to the text of the legislation it can be said that the constitution intended to restrict the parliament from making laws which would favor or bring detriment to any religion[2]. The primary question in relation to this case was that does the section prevent the parliament from limiting the activities of a body which exists on the decision of the governor general if such body is a religious entity. Can the subversive activities which are affected through the entity on the religious thinking of its members affect the decision making power of the parliament and prevent it from restricting the entity?[3] In any case, it has to be considered that s. 116 is an express disqualification of any law which falls within the scope of its provisions which is to protect discriminatory law making against religion. The section manages laws which in some way identify with religion. The Constitution, nonetheless, has no rules which give the Commonwealth Parliament any authority to create laws as for the matter of religion[4]. Section 116 in this way can't be viewed as recommending the substance of laws made concerning religion upon the premise that the Commonwealth Parliament has some authority of administering as for religion. S 116 is a common preclusion applicable to all laws, under whatever authority those laws might be made. It is a superseding rule. It doesn't contend with different arrangements of the Constitution so the Court may look to accommodate it with different rules. It beats and constrains all provisions which offer authority to make laws. As needs be, no law can get away from the u tilization of s. 116 basically on the grounds that it is a law which can be advocated under ss. 51 or 52, or under any other administrative power. All the administrative authority of the Commonwealth are liable to the condition which s. 116 forces. The phrase which refers to the common notion of the constitutional government is known as the rule of law. There was a long debate in the western culture related to the relationship between law and power especially which is called executive power. As provided by a nation has to be governed by law instead of any other government officials. The object of the rule of law is to install constraint up on the behavior of individuals specially government individual and insure that nothing can be above law. The process implies that all citizens of the nation are subjected to the rule of law which also includes any government official who have the authority to enact laws. The constitution of the country is the highest law which can be referred to an all laws which are made by the Parliament are in reference to the constitution. No Parliament has the authority to make a law the constitution of the nation does not allow. The system of rule of law is against any kind of dictatorship or autocratic system where rules are considered to be more powerful than the law. Both dictatorship and democracy is show the lack of the rule of law in them. For instance because of ignorance on neglect of the legal provisions the rule of law will DK more in case the government has inadequate corrective measures for restoring the law. Governments which are based on the principle of the rule of law are known as nomocracy[5]. A descriptive and positive theory of adjudication which is used by the judges to decide a case is known as legal formalism[6]. Legal Formalism in a descriptive sense states that the decision reached by the judges is through the application of uncontroversial facts. Although a large number of principals is implied by a large number of cases it is believed by legal formalities that there is an underlying science behind these principles which can be readily discovered by legal expert and is straight forward. The primary objective of legal Formalism is to formalize the principles in a detriment and single system which could be applied in a mechanical way. Legal Formalism has also been called to be as the official theory related to judging. Section 116 of the Commonwealth constitution has been raised in history in only two cases. The section sets an example of what is known as the rule of law. The section prohibits the parliament from enacting any legislation which is not in accordance to the section. However it was seen in the present case the judges found that section 116 was not breached by the Parliament through the enactment of legislation[7]. In the case of the Court emphasized on civil liberties of individuals and Limited the scope of authority exercised by the executive powers. This is a Landmark case which had influence oven many other common law jurisdictions and provided many common law jurisdictions the motivation to establish the rule of law. In the present case, the association of people known as Jehovahs witness pleaded that certain provisions under the National Securities Act were unconstitutional as they contravenes Section 116 of the constitution. However, it was unanimously decided by the court that the National Securities Act was not in contravention of section 116 of the constitution. It was held that the government has transcended the power that it was conferred with under the national securities Act, regulation 6A. Keeping in mind the unique circumstances of the case, it was decided that in pursuance of the safety and security of the nation these acts by the government was necessary. It can be said that the decision of the court did go above the rule of law in this landmark case as it bypassed the exclusive right provided under section 116 of the constitution. However, they did not outright deny it. They simply stated that the circumstances of the case demanded such drastic measures on the Governments part. From another point of view, Starke J cited a previous on the same subject and stated that the safety and security of the nation comes first, everything else is secondary. So, we can see that the court cited both the rule of law and legal formalism to reach the unanimous verdict. This landmark verdict still stands as one of the mort referred precedents on the particular subject. The opinions of Judges Latham C.J. and Starke J in the case of [1943] ALR 193; 1943 WL 2749617 ALJ134,Adelaide Company of Jehovah's Witnesses Incorporated v The Commonwealth throws considerable light into the subject. In this land mark case a group of people known as the Jehovahs witness were the plaintiff and the commonwealth was the defendant. It was observed that this group of people believed in certain ancient religious beliefs with their roots in the Bible. These people were spread thin throughout Australia. These people believed, among many things, that politics or any other systems of control were evils and that Jesus will come again and redeem his true followers. This so called religious group also had possession of a property known as Kingdom Hall where they offered their prayers. The Attorney General was of the opinion that the actions of this group were detrimental to the effort of war and thus ordered dissolution of the group and the confiscation of the property. One of t he officers of the Government carried out these orders. Subsequent to this, the religious group pleaded to the court on various elements of law. The gist of which is that the actions carried out by the officer on the orders of the Attorney General was in contravention of S. 116 of the Constitution[8]. Latham C.J. opined that Section 116 of the constitution provides protection to the people in observance of their religion. It not only protects their religious beliefs but also protects those who do not believe in any religion. However, this protection is personal in nature. It essentially means that this section protects every persons private right to practice any religion. It does not protect a companys religion as a company is not supposed to have a religion. This is because religion is a personal matter. Hence, it then follows that a group of people or a company, i.e. an artificial person cannot have a religion of its own[9]. Hence, section 116 does not protect the religious rights of a company as it does not have one in the first place. He also further stated that the National Security Regulations do not contravene the provisions of Section 116 of the Constitution. He added that the direction and orders given by the Attorney General do not contravene the provisions of Section 11 6 of the Constitution. In conclusion, he stated that the powers and the provisions laid down under the National Securities Regulation does extend to the association of persons known as Jehovahs witness.[10]He stated that the specific regulations that are directly in question are the regulations6A, 4 and 3. In his opinion, regulations 3 and 4 are well within the powers or authorities in question. However, regulation 6A was beyond the powers and authorities mentioned. In the same case Stark J. opined that no one is above the constitution which is in accordance to the rule of law as compared to the principles based approach taken by Latham CJ . He also stated that even the Attorney General is not above the Constitution. He further opined that the Attorney General must also not act in a way that transcends the powers conferred upon him which was not the same as compared to Latham CJ who believed that rule of law has to be accompanied by proper interpretation to achieve justice. He observed that the National Security Regulations are to operate to a maximum of 6 months after His Majesty has ceased to be engaged in a war. This essentially means that the delegated legislations made under these regulations also ceases to exist after that period. He observed that the protections of religious practices are not absolute and that there are certain limitations on them. He cited a landmark case where the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States opined that while there is freedom of religion guaranteed under the constitution, the State is bound to suppress religious practices that are dangerous to the morals and those that are inimical to public safety, health and good order.[11]Therefore, it follows that the Attorney general did go above his powers in relation to certain acts. However those acts were deemed necessary under the specific circumstances. It then follows that the Attorney General was acting well within their rights when they carried out the acts of dissolving the association of people known as Jehovahs witness on account of belief that their actions were detrimental to the war effort. The liberty and freedom of religion as guaranteed under the constitution are subject to certain reasonable limitations. He stated that these limitations are a necessity for the protection of the community as a whole and the maintenance of social order. He concluded that in the light of the above arguments it can be well established that laws or regulations that are made by the Commonwealth controlling the activities of religious bodies that are seditious, subversive or prejudicial to the defense of the Commonwealth or the efficient prosecution of the war are not in contravention of the constitution. According to A. V Dicey the parliament of UK is a totally sovereign legislative body which has the power to construct and abolish any law thus the rule of law and descriptive and constructive theories of legal formulism are related[12]. The comparison between the decisions of the judges related to legal formulism it can be said that CJ Latham was more towards the use of established principles in order to adjudicate the case whereas Stark J was more concerned with the rule of law while coming to the decisions. This benchmark case shows us the values of Legal Formalism as well as the Rule of Law. The process of restricting arbitrary use of power by subordinating it to well-established laws is known as the rule of law. Legal Formalism, on the other hand, is the adjudication of cases using uncontroversial principles to facts. The both of them must go hand in hand for the observation of justice[13] Reference List Adelaide Company of Jehovah's Witnesses v. Commonwealth.Unisetca. 2017. Available at: https://www.uniset.ca/other/cs5/67CLR116.html. Accessed August 7, 2017. Barker, R. (2015). Scientology, the test case religion.Alternative Law Journal,40(4), 275-279. Beck, L. (2016). The Case against Improper Purpose as the Touchstone for Invalidity under Section 116 of the Constitution. Dicey, Albert Venn.The law of the Constitution. Vol. 1. OUP Oxford, 2013. Dixon, O. (1957). Mr. Justice Frankfurter: A Tribute from Australia.Yale LJ,67, 179. Dixon, R. (2016). An Australian (partial) bill of rights.International Journal of Constitutional Law,14(1), 80-98. Foster, N. J. (2016). Churches and the Law of Sanctuary in Australia. Hogan, M. (1981). Separation of church and State: Section 116 of the Australian constitution.The Australian Quarterly,53(2), 214-228. Jensen, D. (2011). 1 Classifying church-state arrangements.Law and Religion in Public Life: The Contemporary Debate, 15. Kirby, M. (2005). Human Rights-Essential for Good Governance.Original L. Rev.,1, 1. LEE, J. T. T. I. B. of Rights: The Value of a Comparative Approach.(2007).International Journal of Constitutional Law,5(1), 122-152. Macken, J. J. (1974).Australian industrial laws: the constitutional basis. LawbookCo.. Williams, G. (1996). The Suppression of Communism by Force of Law: Australia in the Early 1950s.Australian Journal of Politics History,42(2), 220-240. Leiter, B., 1999. Positivism, formalism, realism.Colum. L. Rev.,99, p.1138. Macken, J. J. (1974).Australian industrial laws: the constitutional basis. LawbookCo.. Hogan, M. (1981). Separation of church and State: Section 116 of the Australian constitution.The Australian Quarterly,53(2), 214-228. Williams, G. (1996). The Suppression of Communism by Force of Law: Australia in the Early 1950s.Australian Journal of Politics History,42(2), 220-240. Jensen, D. (2011). 1 Classifying church-state arrangements.Law and Religion in Public Life: The Contemporary Debate, 15. Dixon, O. (1957). Mr. Justice Frankfurter: A Tribute from Australia.Yale LJ,67, 179. Leiter, B., 1999. Positivism, formalism, realism.Colum. L. Rev.,99, p.1138. Beck, L. (2016). The Case against Improper Purpose as the Touchstone for Invalidity under Section 116 of the Constitution. Barker, R. (2015). Scientology, the test case religion.Alternative Law Journal,40(4), 275-279. Adelaide Company of Jehovah's Witnesses v. Commonwealth.Unisetca. 2017. Available at: https://www.uniset.ca/other/cs5/67CLR116.html. Accessed August 7, 2017. Kirby, M. (2005). Human Rights-Essential for Good Governance.Original L. Rev.,1, 1. Dicey, Albert Venn.The law of the Constitution. Vol. 1. OUP Oxford, 2013. LEE, J. T. T. I. B. of Rights: The Value of a Comparative Approach.(2007).International Journal of Constitutional Law,5(1), 122-152.

Business Globalizing Human Resource Management †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Business Globalizing Human Resource Management. Answer: Introduction Human resource management comprises the employment practices and firms work systems embracing a common aspect of the people management. Human resource management encompasses recruitment and selection, training and development, human resource planning, employee performance assessment, payment and reward systems, and most important to align employee development corporate strategies (Sparrow, Brewster, Chung, 2016). International human resource management is all about the relationship between the foreign environment and human resource activities in which the firm operates. Due to the globalization, there is an integration of the economy globally. Competitive advantage as result of the untouched market segment makes companies to expand to their market to the other countries(Bratton Gold, 2012). The determinant of firms performance and competitive advantage depends upon the effectiveness of the human resource management. International human resource management can be termed as a process of acquiring, designating and using human resources in a global company, while trying to maintaining differentiation and integration balance of human resources management activities in other countries. This essay seeks to discuss the international human resource management in relation to the key elements of the HR strategy. The success of the domestic business relies on the human resource management. Human resource managers are responsible for managing a various range of employee. Managers of the internal business, have regular responsibilities with an addition of extra tasks that is unique to the business operation (Sparrow, Brewster, Chung, 2016). International directors responsibilities cover many activities about the employees. One of the crucial responsibilities is staffing on the company employee. Recruiting and training the staff ensures their performance meets the expectation levels, handling and making certain managerial policies meets and conforms to the regulations and laws. International human resource managers manage the employees records, personnels practices and policies, and benefits and compensation(Budhwar Debrah, 2013). Both primary human resources and human resource development are very vital functions; it has undergone evolution for the past decades so that they play the roles of the managing, staffing and training the individuals. Currently, the international human resource is the fastest-growing subsection of human resource as a result of increasing trends in global business activities. Other HR activities include the safety in the workplace, ergonomics, employees assistance, diversity, and spirituality. Business internalization makes the IHRM a valuable tool to grasp a concept of the globalization of the business activities (Sparrow, Brewster, Chung, 2016). There is a vast difference between the domestic management from the global management with the variance of the problems associated with boundary spanning and cultural differences. As the business ventures in the competition globally, the IHRM should be ready for the business corporation challenges (Bratton Gold, 2012). Globalization of the firm requires the IHRM to use appropriate knowledge management and human resources policies considering the cultural differences. Building on the same idea, there is a rapid increase in the global operation and competition. Thus, international HRM should grow insignificant as the international companies grow in the influences and numbers. The primary determinant of the failure or the success in international business is through efficient management of human resources internationally. According to the research, the biggest problems for the foreign firms are the shortage of the global managers. Scholar argues that central practices of the HRM have evolved due to globalization(Sparrow, Brewster, Chung, 2016). Business tends to operate in an international environment that has led to the development of the international HRM.IHRM is management technique used by the managers on a global scale. The primary purpose of the IHRM is to manage human resources at international companies to gives companies opportunities to grow while remaining competitive within its host country. Similar to the HRM, the International HRM comprises the training, development of programs, recruitment, performance appraisals, KPIs, reward schemes and disciplinary procedures (Bratton Gold, 2012). There are three strategies which help the international managers in reducing the complexity of the companys management. The main strategies are global, polycentric and ethnocentric (Bratton Gold, 2012). The polycentric policy is when an organization follows the local human resource practices in its overseas activities. Conversely, an ethnocentric strategy is a method in which group uses the same kind of the human resources overseas as it operates at home (Sparrow, Brewster, Chung, 2016). Finally, global strategy is where an organization tries to implement universal human resources plans for the operations in overseas. In contrast, the international HRM does not fix itself on these strategies; they can do a combination of the two or all strategies. Global strategy selects employees based on the competency and not nationality. The international company combines strategies to come up with global-implemented human resource strategy. As earlier mentioned, the ethnocentric approach is human resource staffing policy that the HR uses in general strategic direction. The manager uses the system to send the employees from the parent country to the overseas host country. For instance where the companies want to set new plant or to train the personnel on the usage of the new system, therefore, the managers can send its team members to the host country (Sparrow, Brewster, Chung, 2016). One of the advantages of sending staff overseas is to gain an extra knowledge and skills which are useful for the senior human resource management. The polycentric policy comprises the promoting and hiring the personnel of the host country to reduce the hiring cost (Sparrow, Brewster, Chung, 2016). Similarly, hiring the employees of the host country will not have an issue with the communication problems and cultural diversity. When the managers use polycentric approach, there is a decline of the home employees going abroad and therefore their role changes to coordination and communication strategic objectives (Bratton Gold, 2012). The company can create the local human resource managers to manage the activities in their own country because of their familiarity in local and business ethics. Hence, the local managers get the autonomy role to develop and implement their management practices for the branch. Egocentric staffing strategy involves promoting and hiring employees depending on the particular region of the location of the organization on the host country (Sparrow, Brewster, Chung, 2016). The approach used in hiring the local employees is useful in important positions. One of the disadvantages of the region-centric staffing is that the international may not hire the host or home employees hence creating the cultural differences in the third country employees. Of utmost importance, IHRM assist in providing a series of the statistics and facts on the population, attitudes of the workforce, how to appraise the employees, life-cycle stages of the firm, and the economic difficulties they are likely to face. And so, the IHRM does not only assist with an ideal situation to expanding globally, but also valuable research on the regular human resources activities (Budhwar Debrah, 2013). As earlier mentioned one of the key advantages of the IHRM is to enable business to become more competitive globally; thus generating a high return on investment. In addition, the companies will increase the public perception of the enterprises for acceptance of the company worldwide. Because of the international trade growing globally, the companies are having their staff members working across the borders to enhance perception and generate revenues for the firm (Sparrow, Brewster, Chung, 2016). Numbers of the companies have expanded internationally and therefore employees work across the globe. However, the IHRM requires developing and improving the IHRM strategies which are also problematic and expensive too. Consequently, the following are the challenges that the IHRM faces and strategies to counter them. Apart from the financial benefits, there are some key issues that internal human resources must address to be successful. The nature of critical issues can come from cultural differences, cross-culture management, and work and diversity cultural differences (Budhwar Debrah, 2013). The following are the strategies on how to counter the challenges of the international human resource management. Cross-cultural management Cross-cultural is the process that target in managing the differences in culture that comes in the company (Budhwar Debrah, 2013). The organization operating globally needs to understand the importance of the balancing the learning differences. Thus, the cross-cultural is one of the key strategies an international human resource manager needs to implement, to acquire a relevant knowledge on the cultural diversity and geographical location. Cross-cultural management provides the ways of managing people and how to work. Every country has a set of the values and philosophies, and is shown in the economies operation (Sparrow, Brewster, Chung, 2016). Values can interrupt on the international human resource in the process of organizing, conducting and delegating tasks to their staff; because values vary from country to another. International HR manager should ensure the HR activities reflect the practices of the host countries. Therefore, HR manager should delegate resources and time in learning the cross-cultural management and cultural diversity of processes. Therefore, IHRM should provide its employees with the following as they move abroad; cultural orientation, environmental briefings, cultural assimilation, field experience, language, and sensitivity training (Bratton Gold, 2012). The differences in the cultural and language will have an impact on the success of HR manager in the negotiation across the global. Language is important as it helps in the preparing the IHRM across the cultural interactions. It is necessary for the IHRM to prepare their staff for the learning cultural values and language, because they vary from one country to another (Budhwar Debrah, 2013). However, there is no certain guideline that employees from the IHRM should consider. The staff members should be clear about the language they choose to communicate. Language and communication can be thought of the set of the values, ideologies, and beliefs which happens in all organization and are brief descriptions of the ways individuals should work in an organization. Language and communication is the key strategy because it influences the way people communicate in any setting (Bratton Gold, 2012). In contrast, the group should share the national culture and correctly understand the languag es spoken in another country.it is vital for the International HRM to delegates the resources and time in making sure all the team can communicate in the international language. The cross-cultural management comprises the cultural diversities like the language spoken, working hours and time zones differences. Cultural diversity Cultural differences can affect the management strategies of an international HRM. Cultural issues such as political views, international labor legislation and international trade unions bodies are important to study in the IHRM activities. For instance, the companies trying to expand across the Spain, they need to know the siesta period, which is habitual for the large number of the Spanish people to sleep during daytime (Budhwar Debrah, 2013). Therefore, it could have impact on the employees hours that they are willing to work and business trading period. International HRM encourages the acceptance; understanding, and level of cultural empathy by making sure the staff learns new cultures which promote the personal knowledge. International HR manager should address the flexible reward system in the business. Incentives are techniques that business uses to attract employees attention to motivate and inspire (Sparrow, Brewster, Chung, 2016). Among the consideration that the IHRM should address is immigration law as they hire the foreign workers, medical requirement and working permit. Through effective IHRM, the reward system can assist the company to control and address cross-cultural problems affecting the workforce (Bratton Gold, 2012). International HR manager should also engage the local managers of the host countries to perform activities such as international relocation, administrative support of the expatriate workers, hosting government relations with various countries, selection of local internal applicant, and training of employees (Bratton Gold, 2012). For the international human resource manager to design an effective reward strategy for the workers, taking their roles in the international requires factors such as; firstly, clearly understanding the allowances for a particular country (Sparrow, Brewster, Chung, 2016). Secondly, knowledge of the customs, environment, employment practices and laws of the foreign countries are necessary. Finally, the familiarity with inflation effect on compensation and the currency relationship are vital. For instance, there is a need to understand the employment-related legislation in the country for the managers to structure the active international reward structure. For example, India has 45 labor laws at a national level and four at the state government level (Budhwar Debrah, 2013). The manager can use a balance sheet approach to draw up an employee compensation package. For the managers to achieve balance in the reward system, the firms should take into account the following; income tax incur red, housing allowances, cost of living allowances, medical, emergency and security cover, relocation benefits, education allowances for expatriate children, and contribution to the pension schemes and savings (Bratton Gold, 2012). Appraisal of the employee in a foreign country is crucial since it identifies employees strengths and weakness; appraisal provides feedback for the firm to improve the human resource planning. Finally, the evaluation shows the obstacles blocking the organization progress and improves communication. Appropriate selection, recruiting and training method in the international HRM is important factors that counter issues relating to the globalization of the business activities that affect HRM.IHRM involves the management of the recruitment process from the home country of the firm and the countries where the company obtain its workforce (Bratton Gold, 2012). The enterprise should adopt a uniform recruitment system to find a skilled employee with right cultural norms and behaviors (Bratton Gold, 2012). Therefore, it will help to have uniformity of goals and objectives with the human resources from one country to another. Both the domestic and IHRM have the recruitment responsibilities, IHRM should have a higher degree of the cultural sensitivity with efficient communication. Training and development Complex in training and development increases as the companies moves internationally. The types of development and training depend on the following factors; cultural expectations of the training, the extent of centralization of management, types of the staff working in the subsidiaries, extent and concentration of the brand so that the suppliers, distributors and employees are aware of the brand image (Sparrow, Brewster, Chung, 2016). Therefore, if it is a polycentric approach, the training will be more local to correspond to the local culture. Conclusion The roles of the IHRM are challenging, complex and quite broader than the domestic human resource management. IHRM involves the internationalizing the standards of the selection, training, recruitment, legality of the employment system, compensation and reward system. Cultural difference and diversity are the common problems challenging IHRM system; it is an also a major issue that the company should take in training its staff in dealing with the broad concept of the human resource management. There are challenges that international HRM should address in international business. Several strategies such as polycentric, ethnocentric and geocentric are critical in dealing with the international HRM hitches. Polycentric policies procedures are used in hiring the local staff within the host country of the firm. Therefore, the companies will adapt to the traditions and customs of the host countries. The local workforce will help in creating awareness and assist the firms to change to the local setting. The other main strategies are the cross-cultural environment which is primary goals in eliminating the cultural conflicts. Similarly, to avoid the cultural conflicts, the firms may use an internal coherence policy approach when dealing with staff members. International HRM should focus on how different international organization manages their employees across the national borders. Geocentric strategies are crucial when reducing the organization overheads. For instance; high operati ng costs arising from employee working permits and managing visa. IHRM can opt to transfer a small percentage of the workers to the other country to share an experience with the rest of other employees. Due to globalization as a result of technology, it helps the organization to reduce the cost by sharing the knowledge and experiences across the host countries. Use of low-cost video conferencing, Skype and interviewing staff internationally, is as a result of globalization. Although the cultural differences are the challenges confronting IHRM system of a company, it is a challenge for the manager in training their managers and executive, in dealing with a human aspect of business globalization. References Bratton, J., Gold, J. (2012). Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Budhwar, P., Debrah, Y. (2013). Human resource management in developing countries. Routledge. Sparrow, P., Brewster, C., Chung, C. (2016). Globalizing human resource management. Routledge.

Short Descriptive Essay Samples - Make Your Essay Stand Out

Short Descriptive Essay Samples - Make Your Essay Stand OutThere are many advantages to utilizing short descriptive essay samples when submitting a paper. What seems to be overlooked by many writers is that having an essay sample that is well written and concise is a huge advantage. For most students, writing a college-level essay is not a walk in the park. One has to get their work together quickly and it is no easy task.This is where using a short description comes in. Using a short description makes the essay even more impressive. It is important to write a concise and specific essay on what they are trying to say, but there are tips to writing a simple and quick description.It is important to always start your description with a paragraph. Many students put everything they can into every paragraph. If this is not done, the reader will not know what is going on or what is supposed to be covered in the paragraph. What most students do not realize is that each paragraph should have a beginning, middle, and end.In the first descriptive paragraphs, use bold or italics to emphasize the important points you want to get across. The subject of the paragraph is what will draw the reader in. If the topic of the paragraph is important, then the entire paragraph should be written on its own.Once the topic is established, the rest of the paragraph is all about the facts. You should be able to state the facts of the paragraph without making them seem boring. Make the reader want to learn more.As an additional tip, describe the audience that the essay is for in the first paragraph. Explain what type of reader the essay is meant for. Since writing for different audiences is often difficult, you should be prepared to explain this. Be sure to get it right though.Lastly, you should never bore the reader. The reader should be intrigued by the subject of the essay. You should never leave the reader hanging with nothing to take away from the essay. They should also find the parag raph interesting and want to read the next one.Again, these short descriptive essay samples will be made available to you on the Internet. Take advantage of them and you will be able to create a great writing experience.

Explore and Evaluate the ways in which M.R. James constructs a sense of fear and terror Essay Example

Explore and Evaluate the ways in which M.R. James constructs a sense of fear and terror Essay Montague Rhodes James (1862-1936), a scholar of high standard is considered by many to be the most effective writer of supernatural fiction that England has ever produced. At a very young age he took a special and unusual interest in antiquarian books which came to develop an intellectual interest with regards to the supernatural.Ramsey Campbell quotes, M.R. James was the most influential stylist in Britain of supernatural fiction.Oh, Whistle, and Ill Come to You, My Lad is about a professor called Parkins who is on holiday and he finds a whistle with Latin inscriptions on it outside a Templars church. He blows the whistle two times and starts to experience visions and other strange occurances.M.R. James begins to build up fear in the beginning of the story when he hints at the fact that Parkins is disturbed by the supernatural: I freely own that I do not like careless talk about what you call ghosts. This shows that Parkins is trying to hide his fear. M.R. James uses mystery, giving clues and at times withholds the information to build up feelings of suspense in his book a patch of the turf was gone-removed by some boy or other creature ferae naturae.He creates the use of imagery of darkness by making Parkins find this metal tube in the fading light near the beach which gives us the thought of unearthing ancient relics and the idea of awakening things. This taps into our fear of the ancient world. A first note of an eerie figure, a prospect of company on his walk, who seemed to be making great efforts to catch up with him. This figure is indistinct and we are not sure if it is friend or foe. This pursuit of the unknown is creating a sense of fear, of which lies the thought of an unknown evil emerging from the sea.The Latin inscriptions on the whistle translate as Who is this who is coming? which builds up a sense of mystery and tension. M.R. James creates fear of loneliness when Parkins sees a figure when he blows into the whistle a vision of a wide, dark exp anse at night in the midst a lonely figure. He would have seen more had not the picture been broken by the surge of a gust of wind. The gust of wind is like a force repelling Parkins away that he should not blow the whistle or something distasteful might happen.After the second blow of the whistle, there was a huge gust of wind from the window and the candles both went out. The gust means something more. It induces darkness creating a sense of terror especially when the candles go out which creates the image of unwanted closeness. That someone is too close for comfort.The author manifests Parkins fears and anxieties in his dreams, making it surreal and could happen in the future; A black shape bobbing up and down looking eagerly back and rapidly growing in larger, as a figure in pale, fluttering draperies, ill-defined. This is called atavistic which is primitive in human terms, an atavistic fear at night; something might get you at night.M.R. James creates humour with the choice of phonetic language for the lower classes: Ow, I seen it wive at me out of the window. The front winder it was, at the otel, said the boy. There are many clauses at the end to give more information; this also keeps the sentences to flow freely. Also when youre terrified, the reader is only concerned on what they are reading at that moment. He is careful to use descriptive words where necessary. Face of crumpled linen. This is very brief but not a detailed description, probably like this because Parkins related this to someone else who is telling us the story, we are hearing it second hand. M.R. James has taught us a terrifying lesson about the dangers of intellectual pride-Parkins was so happy with his intellect that he didnt seem to understand some things which made him feel scared.Mr Humphreys and His Inheritance is about a man who has inherited a house from his late uncle and there is a mysterious maze in the garden of the house which has been locked for a long time.Mr Humphreys n ever knew his relative so M.R. James constructs the sense of loneliness in him. He talks about ancient ruins in the story of Parkins but this is about ancient temples. Mr Humphreys has gained entrance to the maze that was covered by a wall and near the gate was a motto: My secret is for me and for the sons of my house.In the maze, a noise is heard and he thinks it was Cooper but he says it isnt the first odd thing. This is a fear of intrusion and that something might come back from the dead.It is a convenient thing for M.R. James to make Humphreys pick out a quarto(part) from a book of sermons. This recounts to his own childhood when he had an interest in old books and picked out dusty volumes. This is a major story of conventional writing and its a warning about curiosity. Often in the middle of the maze, there are treasures, but something obstructs it like the Minotaur. This is a warning to Humphreys to not be avaricious-greedy and desire to have things(e.g. desiring gold). The st range globe at the centre of the maze has now changed with inscriptions of prince of darkness and shadow of death. Latin etchings can be quite frightening because of their connection with religion and the medieval world.This is the idea of perception that M.R. James includes, telling us that we see the world differently and how Mr Cooper and Humphreys differentiate temperatures when they touch the globe.The trees and their surroundings create a shadow by the reflected moonlight. There is a vague suggestion that the woods are seducing Mr Humphreys like the belief in the god Pan. The god Pan seduced people into the woods like Selene, the moon goddess. M.R. James describes the weather to represent the emotions of the characters and peoples feelings however in this case how Humphreys is feeling; a dark ominous sign and a symbol of danger. This is called pathetic fallacy. He describes a small Irish yew, thin and black. The maze is using dark, featureless objects to defend itself, and it is getting closer to the house. My secret is for me and the sons of house (It seems that the maze is opening for Humphreys but not for the others like Lady Wardrop because hes a relative of the uncle.)Rationalising and interpreting the inexplicable in different ways, is a theme in M.R. James story. This is because science was still developing in the Edwardian period which certainly excited and attracted interest, but M.R James doesnt usually use science to explain the story. This is unusual but effective because in science one must test things empirically to prove them, but ghosts are not considered to be proven because they do not fit into the scientific world.The title of The Ash Tree is effective in creating the image in the readers mind of something huge and daunting. People tend to fear the trees and forests when they are alone and perhaps M.R. James had this perception upon writing his story. The magnitude of the tree is described in the story where it is almost touching the b uilding with its branches.Castringham Hall is playing on popular fears, the author describes the harrowing occurrences which took place at the Hall in 1690; a number of witch trials were conducted at the Hall, and these accused were feared to have been possessed by demonic powers. The authors ability to explain the inexplicable is evident in his description of Sir Matthews amazement at a moving creature which had more than four legs. Delving into the unknown is the authors way of keeping his readers apprehensive about what may happen next. There is an attempt by the characters to rationalise their experience, not making much of the momentary vision. Here the reader is able to sympathise to some degree at the naivety of the characters who brush off what will certainly affect them later.The author, through the use of powerful and emotive imagery in his depiction of the death of Sir Matthew Fell, describes in quite disgusting detail the sight of his corpse. This corpse however is frigh teningly unique in that those who come into contact with it are left to endure the pain of abnormal swellings. The funeral sermon of his death had been printed under the Malicious dealings of AntiChrist. This is very powerful as it means ESCHATOLOGICAL(APOCALYPTIC) which is coming to an end. This force of evil contrasts with biblical verses and antichrist.Again the author delves into the unknown and employs this technique to keep his readership engaged and so that they can search for the answers to these abnormal and suspicious occurances: two or three screams there were, his face struck with an incredulous terror and loathing before he cried out in a dreadful voice, remains of an enormous spider, veinous and seared as the fire burned lower down, more terrible bodies began to break out covered with greyish hair.The authors vivid descriptions of a decomposed body, in fact a skeleton with the skin dried upon the bones plays on our fear and distaste with the vulgar. The lady turns out to be that of Mrs Mothersole and the disgraceful scene is stomach turning for the weak hearted.Theres been a great deal of superstition surrounding the number 13: Many horror films have been screened in which the superstitious number has played a central role. A vivid construction of fear is found in Andersons arrival at door Number 13. The fact that the door would not open continued with the sound of nasty movements from inside the room sets the scene.The mention of the rumours surrounding the Bishops practise of secret and wicked arts is effective in introducing the dangers of anti-Christianity or anti religious forces since they deal with the unknown.The ceasing of footsteps and sound of hissing breathing outside number 13 works on the fear and apprehension of the readers. The almost ghostly appearance of a bearded man and shadowy figure at number 13 where Anderson unfamiliar with what is lurking in his surrounding, and the flickering of a convenient red light, draws the reader i nto a tense atmosphere. This plays with the idea of perception in Number 13 on how Anderson feels as if the room has shrunk and become narrowed.Andersons confusion about his locations creates the perception of a man touched by the secret and wicked arts introduced at the beginning of the story.Anderson has been placed in an unfamiliar setting where he finds himself delvinginto the unknown; mysterious voices and scenes, together with disturbing Latin inscriptions speaking of spirits become a horror for him, and his fear is felt by the reader.The use of very descriptive adjectives do much to emphasize and illustrate the setting that Anderson finds himself in the quiet is described as deadly.Andersons fears about number 13 come out when the door eventually opened, through which an arm emerged which clawed at Jensens shoulder.Jensens disgust a fright is a contrasted with the low laugh of whatever demonic powers reside within number 13.The characters are desperate for a refuge from what is described as the devils den which relates to anti-Christianity.The discovery of the document in the conclusion is an attempt to explain the inexplicable. Quite naturally deeply disturbed by the events in the hotel, Anderson and Jensen believed to have found the answers within the phenomena. To there dismay however, they are unfamiliar with the language whether it is upside down or written in two different languages. There is a degree of tension therefore, the reader is left uncertain and without explanation concerning the events at the hotel.M.R. James constructs a sense of fear and terror by using themes of loneliness and isolation. In his childhood, he liked to be alone, reading old books and he relates this to how he isolates Mr Humphreys and Parkins. Other themes are intrusion, revenge and justice, witchcraft, perception, the Uncanny, superstition and trying to explain the inexplicable.

Dipolmacy essays

Dipolmacy essays Diplomacy is a very important issue. Diplomacy is relations between nations, and is usually the talking part. If the situation gets out of hand it may result in war. The US has just had a major situtation with China and luckly it ended in with good results and not war. The problem started when a US ARA4 spy plane was flying in international waters about 80 miles off the coast of China. China became intimidated by the us and sent up highly monuverable fighter jets that got really close to the US plane. With the fighters in the spy planes blind spot, it began to bank to the right breaking a prapeller and causing a Chinese to fall to his death. The US plane then made an emmidait landing in China, where the crew of 24 were held as detaines. In the 20 minutes that the us crew had between making the emergency call to land and the landing in China they went through mandatory presedures of breaking every piece of equiment on the plane. The Us spy plane has the ability to tap into phone conversations and read e-mails. if chins figures out how to replacate our technology they could do the same and spy on us! Lets not look at all the bad parts of the story, one good thing is that the Chinese execepted our not so sincere apoligies and let the crew go. But they hadnt we could have gone to war. With the technology we have today (Nucleaur weapons) nothing will be good about a war. ...

Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Communication - Essay Example The results that are achieved by means of the community policing totally depends on the police officers set of perceptions of the ethics and also this very well plays an important role in the training of the other junior officers as well. This is especially done in order to cut short on the misconduct done by junior officers. Thus when teaching the students and also when giving lectures to the needed person who are dealing with criminal justice such articles can very well be collected from many types of related journals and newspapers. By means of all these sources one can really get so many examples of very irritating issues like gratuities, bribery, corruption, loyalty and also whistle blowing and also many such related issues which can cause such a strain in the public. All these related issues are very serious of their kind and can cause many kinds of social problems. Thus the studies and the resultant hypothesis of many police officers have resulted in collection of enough data that has really meant that there are several key elements that any police officer needs to possess and these can very well be classified into the most five common elements and these are service, honesty or integrity, loyalty and service. Thus the policy of zero tolerance could very well be tested and also will be very effective since they always highlight an effective means of taking the very much needed stringent actions that very well tends to curtail the criminal instinct of most of the people. In many cases the Zero tolerant policies are often tended to be more superficial and hence results in it become reality very rare. Thus there is much statistical evidence that states that there are many negatives that is disadvantages and also many sorts of positives that is advantages related to the zero tolerance policy. Also the implementation of the zero tolerance policy is very tough and almost all the departments offer stiff resistance to its implementation

English Class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

English Class - Essay Example Nevertheless, my visit to the museum was an enriching experience which had me asking for more. The museum leaves no stones unturned to make you feel that you were there when it all happened. With the help of personal audio equipment, there is a touch of reality to the whole experience. There is a lot more to see at the museum. There are various events, programs, tours, lectures, films that talk about the stories of many Holocaust survivors. The exhibition is a single true story, the story of Jay Ipson and his family and how they survived the Kovno Ghetto in Lithuania and settled in Richmond after World War II . â€Å"The museum was built with children in mind†, says Ipson. â€Å"They can relate so much better to the single story†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.six million is just incomprehensible to them.† The outside of the building has an intimidating appearance with brown brick with bright green boarded up windows. All in all, the visit to this museum is a very moving education al experience! The museum puts in a lot of effort to educate the people and promote tolerance towards each and everyone, irrespective of their nationality, religion, race, sex or creed. We cannot turn a blind eye to the humble motive behind the origination of this museum. Therefore, there is a need to preserve this museum for the values it stands for. Established in 1997, Virginia holocaust museum is situated on 2000 East Cary Street, Richmond, Virginia and it is founded by Mark Fetter, Al Rosenbaum, and one of Richmond’s youngest Holocaust survivors, Jay Ipson. In an effort to preserve and educate the people on the atrocities of the Holocaust of World War II, the museum strives on a two-fold mission: to educate young people about the Holocaust and at the same time combat intolerance and anti-Semitism. Keeping this mission in mind, â€Å"Teaching Tolerance Through Education† was initiated. Initially, the museum occupied the unused rooms of the Temple Beth El in Richmon d, Virginia. The museum, then quickly flourished and by 2000, it had its own space. An old tobacco warehouse in historic Shockoe Bottom donated by the Virginia State Legislature became the new house of the Virginia Holocaust Museum. The dedication of this new site was done during Yom Ha'Shoah v'Ha'Gvruah in April, 2003, the day which is known as the Day of Remembrance and Heroism. During the pre-war Kovno, there were about 40,000 Jews, out of which only 3,000 survived. Thousands of children lost their lives in the Kovno Ghetto. Deportation and malnutrition contributed to the deaths of so many lives. Ipson’s sister was one of the children to face death during the war. In 1943, Ipson’s family managed to escape from their ghetto with the help of a local farmer. The poor Catholic Polish farmer had nothing to gain from them nor they had anything to offer to him, nevertheless, he helped them because he knew what the Germans were doing was wrong. This is a perfect example of expression of humanity, regardless of race, religion, caste or creed. One of the interesting exhibitions at the museum is the recreation of the chapter of their lives wherein they escape through the barbed wire of their ghetto. The museum, today boasts of 28 exhibits. â€Å"The Ipson Saga,† is an interesting tale of the Museum Director and founder, Jay M Ipson, which documents his and his family’s story from pre-war Lithuania, their escape and eventually their liberation. Right in front of the building sits a German cattle car